Estrés académico y resultados docentes en estudiantes de medicina / Academic stress and learning results in medical students

RESUMEN Introducción: las exigencias académicas se comportan como estresores conducentes al estrés estudiantil, se muestra una experiencia. Objetivo: evaluar la posible asociación entre niveles de estrés académico y resultados docentes en estudiantes del segundo ciclo de medicina de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca - Sede Azogues. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a 72 alumnos de ambos géneros. Se aplicó el inventario SISCO para determinar niveles de estrés. El rendimiento docente normal o bajo se estableció por el promedio final de puntos del total de asignaturas. Las diferencias y asociaciones entre variables se determinaron por medio del test de proporciones y X2, respectivamente. Resultados: entre géneros no existieron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento docente ni por niveles de estrés. El nivel de estrés alto predominó significativamente entre el total de estudiantes respecto al bajo y en el género femenino. Los niveles de estrés y de rendimiento docente no se asociaron al género. Los estudiantes con rendimiento docente normal se encontraron en porcentajes más altos, mientras que aquellos con nivel de estrés académico alto, en un porcentaje significativamente superior (p ≤ 0,05) tuvieron rendimiento docente bajo. Los niveles de estrés se asociaron significativamente al rendimiento docente. Conclusiones: entre los estudiantes participantes se manifiestan altos niveles de estrés académico que evidencian una influencia negativa en su rendimiento docente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: academic demands behave like stressors leading to student stress, an experience is shown. Objective: to evaluate the possible association between levels of academic stress and learning results in students of the second academic year of medicine at Cuenca Catholic University - Azogues Venue. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out involving 72 students of both genders. The SISCO inventory was applied to determine academic stress levels. Normal or low learning performance was established by the final average of points of the total number of subjects. Differences and associations between variables were determined by means of the proportions test and X2, respectively. Results: there were no significant differences between genders in learning performance or levels of academic stress. High levels of stress significantly predominated among the total number of students with respect to low level and in the female gender. Levels of academic stress and learning performance were not associated with gender. Students with normal learning performance were found in higher percentages, while those with high levels of academic stress had significantly higher percentages (p ≤ 0.05), who showed low learning performance. Stress levels were significantly associated with learning performance. Conclusions: high levels of academic stress were found among the students participating in this study, which evidenced a negative influence on their learning performance.

Saturación de oxígeno, respiración periódica y apnea durante el sueño en lactantes de 1 a 4 meses a 3200 metros de altura / Oxygen saturation, periodic breathing, and sleep apnea in infants aged 1-4 months old living at 3200 meters above sea level

Objetivos: describir, en niños de 1-4 meses, a 3200 m de altura, la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2), los índices de apnea y la respiración periódica (RP) durante el sueño. Se realizaron polisomnografías en 18 lactantes sanos. Resultados: las medianas fueron de 87% para la SpO2 y de 7,2% para la RP del tiempo total de sueño. El índice de apnea central tuvo una mediana de 30,5 /hora, que disminuyó a 5,4/hora al descontar las apneas asociadas a RP. El p5 de la SpO2 para niños despiertos fue de 76% y, para niños dormidos, de 66%. Conclusiones: la SpO2 fue inferior a la del nivel del mar y la RP y el índice de apnea central, mayores; al descontar las apneas centrales asociadas a RP. Este último, fue similar a la del nivel del mar. A 3200 m, se requieren puntos diferentes para la SpO2 normal, uno para niños despiertos y otro si están dormidos.

Objectives: To describe, in infants aged 1-4 months old living at 3200 meters above sea level (MASL), oxygen saturation (SpO2), sleep apnea indices, and periodic breathing (PB) during sleep. Polysomnographies were done in 18 healthy infants. Results: The median SpO2 was 87%, and the median PB was 7.2% for the total sleep time. The median central sleep apnea index was 30.5/hour, which decreased to 5.4/hour once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The 5th percentile for SpO2 was 76% among awake infants, and 66% among asleep infants. Conclusions: The SpO2 was lower than that observed at sea level, whereas PB and the central sleep apnea index were higher, once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The latter was similar to that observed at sea level. At 3200 MASL, different cut-off points are required for a normal SpO2, one for infants during the waking state and one for infants during sleep.

Oxygen saturation, periodic breathing, and sleep apnea in infants aged 1-4 months old living at 3200 meters above sea level. / Saturación de oxígeno, respiración periódica y apnea durante el sueño en lactantes de 1 a 4 meses a 3200 metros de altura.

OBJECTIVES: To describe, in infants aged 1-4 months old living at 3200 meters above sea level (MASL), oxygen saturation (SpO2), sleep apnea indices, and periodic breathing (PB) during sleep. Polysomnographies were done in 18 healthy infants. RESULTS: The median SpO2 was 87%, and the median PB was 7.2% for the total sleep time. The median central sleep apnea index was 30.5/hour, which decreased to 5.4/hour once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The 5th percentile for SpO2 was 76% among awake infants, and 66% among asleep infants. CONCLUSIONS: The SpO2 was lower than that observed at sea level, whereas PB and the central sleep apnea index were higher, once sleep apneas associated with PB were excluded. The latter was similar to that observed at sea level. At 3200 MASL, different cut-off points are required for a normal SpO2, one for infants during the waking state and one for infants during sleep.

Objetivos: describir, en niños de 1-4 meses, a 3200 m de altura, la saturación de oxígeno (SpO2 ), los índices de apnea y la respiración periódica (RP) durante el sueño. Se realizaron polisomnografías en 18 lactantes sanos. Resultados: las medianas fueron de 87% para la SpO2 y de 7,2% para la RP del tiempo total de sueño. El índice de apnea central tuvo una mediana de 30,5/hora, que disminuyó a 5,4/hora al descontar las apneas asociadas a RP. El p5 de la SpO2 para niños despiertos fue de 76% y, para niños dormidos, de 66%. Conclusiones: la SpO2 fue inferior a la del nivel del mar y la RP y el índice de apnea central, mayores; al descontar las apneas centrales asociadas a RP. Este último, fue similar a la del nivel del mar. A 3200 m, se requieren puntos diferentes para la SpO2 normal, uno para niños despiertos y otro si están dormidos.

Oxygen saturation, periodic breathing and apnea during sleep in infants 1 to 4 month old living at 2,560 meters above sea level.

UNLABELLED: There are few data in the literature related to polysomnography in infants in altitudes from 2,200 m to 2,800 m. The main objective of this investigation was to describe oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels during sleep in infants aged between 1 and 4 months living at an altitude of 2,560 m. The secondary objectives were the description of periodic breathing (PB) and apnea indexes. Polysomnography was performed in 35 healthy infants 1-4 months in Cuenca (Ecuador) at 2,560 m. The median for SpO2 was 92% and 4.9% for PB. The median for the central apnea index was 23.7/hour and 15.4/hour when related to PB. No correlation was found between PB and SpO2. CONCLUSION: SpO2 was lower than the values at sea level and PB and central apnea index were higher. When apneas associated with PB were not considered, the central apnea index was similar to that found at sea level.